Steam generator or water heater



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Aug. 2 1927.

STEAM GENERATOR OR WATER HEATER- IFiled Jan. 25, 1924 2 Sheets-Skeet 2Patented` Aug. 2, 1927.

UNITED STATESv A 1,637,683 PATENT carica.

THOMAS CLARKSON, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

STEAM GENERATOR 0R WATER HEATER.

y Application led January 23, 1924, SerialNo. 688,036, and in GreatBritain February 1li 1923.-

vThis invention relates to steam generators or water heaters and has forits object to provide a enerator or water heater of simple but e cientconstruction which is intended more particularly to be heated by gasessuch as the waste or exhaust gases roma prime mover or other source.

A further object is to provide a steam generator or water heater, to beemployed more especially in this way, which will bev cheap and simple inconstructionso that it can be readily dismantled and cleanedwhileeconomy while providing steam for usefulv Work or maintaining 'a.hot water supply by utilization of the heat from otherwise waste gases.

Further objects ofthe invention will be seen from the embodiments of theinvention illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, inwhich Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a steam generatorconstruction arranged for the hot,- gases to enter and leave at theup-.ey per end of the generator. s

Figure 2 is a ysection on the line 2-2 of Fi ure 1. 4 Y

igure 3 is a. sectional elevation of an alternative construction ofsteam generator in which the hot gases enter and leave at the bottom.

.In the construction illustrated in- Fi res 1 and 2, the outer member orshell o the generator is constituted by a c linder A of suitable lengthone end A o Ywhich. is closed permanently so that this end of thecylinder is integra with the wall of thecylinder the endA being, forexample, p roduced by pressirgor a like rocess. Around the o en end othe cylin er A isa liange A2 o vsuitable width while in the centre ofthe closed end A is a small opening provided with-a cock B which enablesmud and sediment to be removed, the end A of the cylinder bein-g socontoured that thismaber1al will accumulate in the neighbourhood of theopening and thus facilitate cleaning. The cylinder Ais mounted verticallon a suitable base by means of brackets The inner member of thegenerator is constituted by a cylinder D with one end D closed andformed integral with the cylindrical wall thereof, the end D beingformed by pressin or otherwise in a manner similar to the ormation ofthe end A of the outer e cylinder A.Y As shown, the, inner cylinderv Dhas a diameter appreciably less'than the' outer c linder A by means ofbolts or the like he inner cylinder D is thus supportedby lits 'iiangeD2 concentrically within the outer cylinder A with the closed end D of.the inner cylinder separated tromtheclosed end A of the outer cylinderby a' distance substantially equal to the distace'betwen fthecylindr1cal walls of the two cylinders.-

In the wall of the inner `cylinder D therel is fixed a series ofthimbles F each thimble beingjformed, for example, by pressing so thatit is integral throughout and has a sli ht ta en so that its rounded andclosed en is o less diameter than the open vend of which is fixedinsome. suitable manner in the wall of the cylinder D. In practicea itis found vsullicient' to insert each thimble in an openin in thecylinder and press or hammer the t imble into lace any expanding processor screwthreasing being unnecessary since, in the case of a steamenerator, the pressure within the thimbles 1s always in a directiontending to keep them in place gliv and maintain tight 'oints between thethimbles and the cylin er wall. The 'thimbles are constructed andarranged in 'a manner substantially similar to that described andillustrated in the specification and drawp ings-of the present inventorsBritish Letters Patent No, 108,177, the thimbles pro'ecting radiallyinwards from the wall of t e cylinder D and their open endscommunicating with the steam and water space E between the cylinders Aand D. The 'thimblesare disposed in that ortion of the wall of the innercylinder which lies at and below the normal water level in thegenerator. K,

A cap G conveniently' somewhat conical the cap G having a flange G whichrests' closes the open end of the inner cylinder D `central opening G2in the cap G whence they pass down the tube H. Facing the inner end ofthe tube H and secured on the inner side of the closed end D of thecylinv der D is a conical deflector J of rebrick or other suitablematerial adapted to deflect the hot gases flowing from the tube 'H sothat they traverser the spaces between the thimbles F before passingupwards around the tube H into the cap G whence they escape through theopening G3 and pipe G4@ In this way the hot gases circulate thoroughlythroughout the interior of the cylinlder D and give up a substantialportion of their heat to the water in the thimbles F and water space E.i

Water is delivered into lthe space E through the outer cylinder A bymeans of a feed water pipe K communicating with the space E at asuitable point, and it is convenient to dispose a light metal andcylindrical shield L in the water space E between.

the inner and outer cylinders so that as the feed water enters it willbecaused to flow downwards-and upwards and around the water space andnot directly on to the inner cylinder D or into the thimbles F oppositethe inlet from the pipe K. The shield L is so mounted on studs L as topermit it to expand or contract freely relatively to the cylinders A andD. The cylinder A is preferably provided with suitable lagging M. Thedelivery of feed water to the generator may be controlled automaticallyas for instance by a float operated device N such as described andillustrated in `the specication and drawings of the present inventorsLetters Patent of the United States of America No. 1,350,988 oralternatively by a thermostatic or pressure actuated device.

A steam outlet controlled by a valve O isl provided in the cylinder A atthe upper end of the space E.

In the steam generator illustrated in Figure 3, the construction issimilar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, the whole apparatus, however,being inverted.

In this case the cylinders A and D are mounted with their open endsdownwards and the member Dis made slightly shorter so as to leave alarger space between the closed ends A and D of the two cylinders,

mames the drain cock B being disposed at the bottom ofthe annular spacebetween the cylinders and passing through the anges G and D2 to permitthe removal of mnd and sediment from the space E. Further, the feedwater pipe K and metal shield L are arranged so vthat the feed water isdelivered at the correct position in the height of the generator. Thesteam outlet valve O in this construction is conveniently disposed inthe centre of the closed end A of the cylinder ,A and thedevice N forcontrolling the feed water supply is positioned according to the waterlevel. In this construction it is conveniently arranged for the hotgases toenter through the lateral opening G3 in the cap G the gases thenflowing upwardsbver the thimbles'F and flowing out through the pipe H.The other parts of the steam generator or water heater are arranged in asimilar manner to that described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.

While the invention has been shown and described inl detail for twoembodiments thereof, it is not limited toeither of these forms, but inl'udes both of these, and other alterations wliichcome within the scopeof the appended claims. y What I claim las m invention and desire tosecure by Letters atent is 1. A water heater of the class described,including in combination, inner and outer elongated tubularwall-members, vertically disposed and enclosing between them a water andsteam space, aseries of watertubes sup rted in the inner wall-member andpro]ecting inwardly therefrom, said tubes an aperture through which hotgases may be introduced into the interior of the innerv member ateneend'. thereof, a discharge aperture for said gases at the saine end ofsaid member, and means for delivering the gases from the first mentionedaperture to the opposite end of the said inner member positionedcentrally within the inner tubelike member and occupying substantiallythe entire space between lthe innermost points of the water tubes tocause the hot gases to flow in passing from the gas delivery point tothe gas outlet, in a path substantially annular in cross section fromthe point of gas delivered to the `point of gas egressvall of the hotgases being caused thereby to flow close tothe wall of the inn'erchamber and between the water tubes projecting therefrom.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1, in which the radial thicknessof the annular `wa i stream of heated gases is approximately disposedand enclosing between them a water and steam space, a series of watertubes supported in the inner wall-member and projecting inwardlytherefrom, said tubes opening into the water space between saidwall-members and having closed inner ends, an aperture through which hotgases may be introduced into the interior of the inner member at one endthereof, a discharge aperture for said gases at the same endotl saidmember, and means for delivering the gases from the first mentionedaperture to the opposite end of the said inner member positionedcentrally within the inner tube-like member and occupying slibstantiallthe entire space between the innermost polntsof the water tubes to causethe hot gases to flow in passing from the gas delivery point tothe gasoutlet, in a path substantiallyl annular in cross section from the pointof gas delivery to the point' of gas egress, all of the'hotl gases beingcaused thereby to How close to the wall of the inner chamber and betweenthe water tubes projecting therefrom, the means for delivering the gasand means for guiding it in its assage comprising a single tubular memer.

4. A water heater of the class described, including in combination,inner and outer elongated tubular Wall-members, vertically disposed andenclosing between them a water and steam space, a series of water tubessupported in the inner wall-member and projecting inwardly therefrom,said tubes opening into the water space between said wall-members andhaving closed inner ends, an aperture through which hot gases may beintroduced into the interior of lthe inner member at one end thereof. akdischarge aperture for said gases at the same end of said member, andvmeans for delivering the gases from the lirst mentioned aperture to theopposite end of the said inner member positioned centrally within theinner tube-like member and occupying substantially the entire spacebetween the inthe hot gases to flow in passing from the gas deliverypoint to the gas outlet, in a path substantially annular in crosssection from the point of gas delivery to the point of gas egress, allof the hot gases being caused thereby to flow close to the wall of theinner chamber andi between the water tubes projecting therefrom saidmeans being substantially coextensive in lengthwith that portion of theiniier .member from which water tubes project.

In testimony whereof I have signed `my name to this specilication.

- THOMAS CLARKSON.

lnermost points of the water tubes to cause

